Crohn’s disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It can cause inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract, leading to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and malnutrition.
No one test can definitively diagnose Crohn’s disease. Instead, a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests, stool tests, imaging studies, and endoscopy may be used to reach a diagnosis.
This article will overview the most common methods for diagnosing Crohn’s disease.
Blood Tests
Blood tests are often used to provide supporting evidence for a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease.
Complete Blood Count (FBC) – the FBC measures the number of red and white blood cells, the level of hemoglobin in the blood, and the platelet count. These results can help to show if there is any inflammation, anemia, or infection in the body.
C-reactive protein (CRP) – CRP is a protein found in the blood that increases when inflammation occurs. High levels of CRP confirm the presence of inflammation in the body.
Calprotectin: Calprotectin is a protein found in the stool of someone with inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn’s disease. High levels of calprotectin confirm the presence of inflammation in the lining of the digestive tract.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) – ESR is a test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube. High levels of ESR suggest inflammation is present in the body.
Stool Tests
Stool tests are not used as the primary tool to diagnose Crohn’s disease, but they can provide helpful information to help to support the diagnosis.
A stool test is typically completed to identify parasites, blood, or infection that could be causing the individual’s gastrointestinal discomfort.
A Faecal Calprotectin(FC) test looks for proteins released by inflammatory cells when inflammation occurs in the intestine. High levels of FC confirm the presence of inflammation somewhere in the digestive tract and may mean an individual is suffering from an inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn’s disease.
Other stool tests that might be used to support a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease include:
– culture to identify any infection present
– elastase, to measure the activity of an enzyme produced by the pancreas
– FIT (Faecal Immunochemical Test) to detect the presence of blood in the stool, which can indicate inflammation.
X-rays
X-rays are a standard method for diagnosing Crohn’s Disease. X-rays can pinpoint inflammation in the body and help locate the issue’s source.
X-rays of the small bowel are used to spot areas with inflammation, pinpoint fistulas and abscesses, and detect any potential blockages in the bowel. In addition, X-rays of the chest, abdomen, or both can detect any abnormalities in the internal organs or intestines.
An X-ray technique that can provide detailed imaging of the digestive tract is called an enteroclysis technique. An X-ray doesn’t give any specific information about the cause of the inflammation but can help to identify the narrowing of the bowel or any potential obstruction.
X-rays provide a unique insight into the digestive system and can provide valuable information to doctors about the potential cause of the patient’s symptoms.
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming increasingly important in diagnosing Crohn’s disease. MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that produces detailed images of the internal organs and tissues of the body.
MRIs can provide detailed information on the extent and severity of the inflammation, fistulas or pockets of infection, and any blockages in the intestines or other organs. MRIs can also be used to detect any abnormal enlargement of organs.
MRI images can be used to determine the type and location of the inflammation present, which can help doctors identify the most suitable treatment options.
A dye may be injected into the body to make the images more straightforward. The dye should not cause any discomfort for the patient.
Capsule endoscopy
Capsule endoscopy is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses a capsule-shaped camera device to take pictures of the gastrointestinal tract. The capsule can be swallowed and then travels to the intestines. The camera sends images to a recording device as it moves through the intestines.
Capsule endoscopy is helpful for the diagnosis of conditions affecting the small intestine, which is harder to access via traditional endoscopy and colonoscopy. It allows doctors to see the inside of the small intestines without making any incisions.
Capsule endoscopy can help diagnose Crohn’s disease by spotting active inflammation, ulcers, or other signs. It is also helpful in locating the exact site of inflammation, which helps determine the best treatment options.
Capsule endoscopy is a safe and painless procedure and is usually recommended for diagnosis of Crohn’s disease if other methods (such as MRI) are unsuitable.
EUS
7. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is an imaging technique that looks at the digestive tract through a thin, flexible tube. It is used to diagnose problems like inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the digestive tract.
EUS can diagnose Crohn’s disease by searching for signs of inflammation and fibrosis (scarring). In addition, the doctor can check for changes in the size and shape of the intestines and for ulcerations or abscesses that can indicate Crohn’s disease.
EUS is a minimally invasive procedure involving inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera attached to it into the anus. The camera takes pictures of the intestines, which are then used to diagnose Crohn’s disease. It is fast, accurate, and minimally uncomfortable for the patient.
CT enterography
CT enterography is a specialized computerized tomography (CT) imaging procedure used to study the small intestine. It provides highly detailed imaging of particular areas of interest and is one of the most accurate diagnostic tools for Crohn’s disease.
CT enterography helps the doctor identify signs of interest indicating Crohn’s disease. Its use of ionizing radiation is low, making it a relatively safe diagnosis technique. It is also quicker than other techniques, allowing doctors to get faster results and prompt treatment.
CT enterography is an excellent diagnostic tool for Crohn’s disease because it is minimally invasive, safe to use, and provides detailed information on the state and structure of the intestine. It is also well-tolerated by most patients.
Treatment
The primary treatment options for Crohn’s disease include medication, nutrition, lifestyle adjustments, and surgical interventions. The type of treatment the doctor prescribes largely depends on the severity of the condition.
Medication—Anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids, 5-aminosalicylates, and immunomodulators reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system.
Nutrition—Malnutrition is a common issue associated with Crohn’s, and a dietician or nutritionist can guide in alleviating symptoms and improving an individual’s health.
Lifestyle Adjustment—Managing stress, getting adequate sleep, and finding ways to reduce inflammation, such as yoga, can help improve an individual’s life and overall health.
Surgery—When medications are ineffective, surgery may be required to remove portions of the intestine that are damaged or diseased. Surgery can help alleviate Crohn’s disease symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life.